Дистанционный заработок: Как заработать удаленно: ТОП 9 успешных направлений

Срочно работа: Удаленная заработок в интернет — Июль 2020 — 33716+ вакансий Срочно работа: Удаленная заработок в интернет — Июль 2020 — 33716+ вакансий | Jooble

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Remote Veeva Vault Consultant

EPAM Systems

We’re looking for an experienced consultant in Veeva Vault with expertise in Java to work on a global Document Management System for a leading agriculture company helping to improve global food security. This position is a part of the new innovative program EPAM Anywhere…

17 дней назад

Удалённая работа

Полезная ли была для вас вакансия?

Да, я отправил резюме Да, я позвонил Не подошла Пожаловаться

Что произошло?

Вакансия не открылась Это мошенники! Не понял что произошло Другое

Спасибо за отзыв, Вы нам очень помогли!

Remote Delivery Manager (HOT)

EPAM Systems

Currently we are looking for Delivery Manager for leading remote teams. This position is a part of our new EPAM Anywhere program for remote workers . EPAM Anywhere offers a variety of IT jobs for remote workers. Join us to work on ambitious and long-term projects, get…

17 дней назад

Удалённая работа

Полезная ли была для вас вакансия?

Да, я отправил резюме Да, я позвонил Не подошла Пожаловаться

Что произошло?

Вакансия не открылась Это мошенники! Не понял что произошло Другое

Спасибо за отзыв, Вы нам очень помогли!

Remote Lead Data Scientist (HOT)

EPAM Systems

A remote Lead Data Scientist is needed. This job is about turning (big) data into actionable knowledge, which requires a blend of scientific, problem solving, analytical, technical, and communication skills. In this role, you will be the leading subject matter expert driving…

17 дней назад

Удалённая работа

Полезная ли была для вас вакансия?

Да, я отправил резюме Да, я позвонил Не подошла Пожаловаться

Что произошло?

Вакансия не открылась Это мошенники! Не понял что произошло Другое

Спасибо за отзыв, Вы нам очень помогли!

Remote Build Engineer

EPAM Systems

A multinational telecommunications company with headquarters in London, Amsterdam, and Denver is the largest broadband internet service provider outside the US. We’re looking for a Networking Engineer who will help us to develop an automation for the deployment of video…

17 дней назад

Удалённая работа

Полезная ли была для вас вакансия?

Да, я отправил резюме Да, я позвонил Не подошла Пожаловаться

Что произошло?

Вакансия не открылась Это мошенники! Не понял что произошло Другое

Спасибо за отзыв, Вы нам очень помогли!

Remote Senior Build Engineer (HOT)

EPAM Systems

A global healthcare company is looking for a Senior Build Engineer that will provide consulting services to support creating and executing API strategy. Please note that even though you are applying for this position, you still can be offered other projects to join within…

17 дней назад

Удалённая работа

Полезная ли была для вас вакансия?

Да, я отправил резюме Да, я позвонил Не подошла Пожаловаться

Что произошло?

Вакансия не открылась Это мошенники! Не понял что произошло Другое

Спасибо за отзыв, Вы нам очень помогли!

Remote Big Data Architect (HOT)

EPAM Systems

A remote Big Data Architect is needed. This position is a part of our new EPAM Anywhere program for remote workers . EPAM Anywhere offers a variety of IT jobs for remote workers. Join us to work on ambitious and long-term projects, get a stable workload, and enjoy a work…

17 дней назад

Удалённая работа

Полезная ли была для вас вакансия?

Да, я отправил резюме Да, я позвонил Не подошла Пожаловаться

Что произошло?

Вакансия не открылась Это мошенники! Не понял что произошло Другое

Спасибо за отзыв, Вы нам очень помогли!

Remote Tableau Key Developer

EPAM Systems

Currently we are looking for Tableau Key Developer. Our client is multinational pharmaceutical and life sciences company and one of the largest pharmaceutical companies in the world. This position is a part of our new EPAM Anywhere program for remote workers . EPAM Anywhere…

13 дней назад

Удалённая работа

Полезная ли была для вас вакансия?

Да, я отправил резюме Да, я позвонил Не подошла Пожаловаться

Что произошло?

Вакансия не открылась Это мошенники! Не понял что произошло Другое

Спасибо за отзыв, Вы нам очень помогли!

Где проще всего устроиться на удаленную работу

Карантинные ограничения заставили большинство работодателей терпимее относиться к удаленной работе. И подтолкнули развитие всего дистанционного — от интернет-торговли до сервисов для проведения видеоконференций и онлайн-обучения. «КП» проанализировала, как в связи с этим изменился характер вакансий, связанных с работой из дома.

1.Информационные технологии

Как признают опрошенные «КП» эксперты, эта сфера как была, так и остается номером один по возможностям и числу вакансий, связанных именно с удаленной работой.

-У нас IT-компания и мы остро нуждаемся в разработчиках, — рассказывает управляющий партнер ruvds.com Никита Цаплин. — Сейчас на рынке вакансий больше, чем соискателей. Самые востребованные — программисты под iOS, Android и фронтендеры (это те, кто разрабатывает интерфейс и пользовательскую часть программы, — то, что видим мы как юзеры). Работать можно хоть из дома, хоть вообще из другой страны.

Не хватает и специалистов, обслуживающих всевозможные системы онлайн-связи. Все ж ушло в онлайн, а многие ресурсы на такой напор не были рассчитаны. Это касается как глобальных сервисов, например, по проведению видеоконференций, так и нужд отдельных торговых предприятий, спешно налаживающих доставку с заказом через сайт. По тем же причинам вырос спрос на специалистов по информационной безопасности.

Спектр зарплат в IT-сфере очень разный, но в целом они выше среднероссийских.

Чаще других работают на удаленке специалисты в интернет-технологиях.Фото: Shutterstock

2.Продажи, маркетинг, реклама

Менеджеры по продажам — по-прежнему одна из самых популярных вакансий. Только там теперь появилось слово «удаленные». Функции — все те же, но на домашнем телефоне и компьютере.

Набирают людей в колл-центры и чат-поддержку (это те, кто вам отвечает в выпадающем окошечке на сайте фирмы). Зарплаты там, правда, не очень большие (в основном вокруг 20 тысяч).

— Сммщики, таргетологи, копирайтеры, пиарщики и ряд других «классических» профессий также востребованы, — говорит HR-менеджер коммуникационного агентства PR Partner Анастасия Галкова.

Да, именно сейчас некоторые компании вспомнили про маркетинг и пиар — из страха, что за время самоизоляции растеряют всех клиентов, включая тех, кто мог бы заказать что-то дистанционно. Поэтому усилили работу в соцсетях (нужны сммщики и таргетологи). И бросились переделывать сайты. Ведь клиенту теперь надо сделать выбор, ориентируясь лишь на картинки и описания (привалило работы веб-дизайнерам и копирайтерам).

3. Административный персонал

Новое веяние на рынке труда — спрос на удаленных помощников. Это что-то вроде дистанционно работающего секретаря или референта.

— Публичные люди уже оценили прелести такого помощника. В задачи этого специалиста сейчас входит работа с письмами, с рекламодателями, с комментариями, это может быть организация встреч и командировок, — рассказал «КП» основатель международного онлайн-университета Swiss International Institute Lausanne Иван Петуховский.

Новое веяние на рынке труда — спрос на удаленных помощников.Фото: Shutterstock

Еще одна популярная вакансия — оператор или модератор базы данных. Звучит сурово, но зачастую это просто человек, который фиксирует всю входящую и исходящую электронную документацию фирмы. Или какую-то важную информацию. Например, входящие заказы от клиентов и кто будет их исполнять.

4.Образование

Разнообразные онлайн-школы, которые могут научить хоть чему-то полезному, сейчас в шоколаде. В связи с этим вырос спрос на онлайн-преподавателей. Особенно тех, кто обучает языкам и продвижению своих товаров и бизнеса дистанционно (см. пункт 2).

— Да, онлайн-школы набирают преподавателей, но при этом нужно понимать, что просто лекция по скайпу — это не онлайн-образование. Нужно владеть специфическими методиками, инструментами, понимать специфику онлайн-преподавания, — поделилась HR директор онлайн-школы иностранных языков Юлия Мамян.

А вот еще характерные вакансии эпохи пандемии с порталов HeadHunter и SuperJob: педагог дошкольного образования онлайн со знанием специфики Инстаграм и ВКонтакте, сотрудник учебного отдела на электронный документооборот, авторы тестов. Все — удаленно.

5.Онлайн-консультации

Пандемия показала, что консультацию психолога или даже логопеда прекрасно можно получить и по скайпу. И совсем не обязательно ради этого куда-то тащиться на другой конец города. Консультантам такой поворот дела тоже крайне выгоден: не надо тратиться на аренду помещения.

Первыми, естественно, сориентировались частно практикующие специалисты. Но сейчас появились и вакансии центров. Особый спрос на медицинские консультации онлайн (в тех сферах, где это возможно) и услуги психологов (в связи со всеобщей депрессухой).

ВОПРОС РЕБРОМ

А МЕНЯ НЕ ОБМАНУТ С ЭТОЙ УДАЛЕНКОЙ?

Этим вопросом задаются многие из тех, для кого удаленная работа в новинку. Тем более, что тут внес коррективы режим самоизоляции, из которого большая часть России только начинает выходить. Теперь часто соискателей не зовут в офис, собеседования проводятся по скайпу, документы, которые нужно подписать, присылаются по электронной почте.

Многим это психологически тяжело: как это, не увидеть будущий рабочий коллектив и даже шефа вживую? И не кинут ли при таком заочном трудоустройстве?

Вот несколько наиболее важных советов от специалистов.

1.Обязательно заключайте договор.

— Удаленная работа — это официальная работа, условия которой обсуждаются с работодателем совершенно так же, как и при обычном трудоустройстве. Договор должен быть оформлен с первого дня испытательного срока — пожалуй, это единственный способ избежать неприятностей, — советует основатель системы поиска вакансий ГородРабот.ру Федор Голубев.

В договоре должно быть четко прописано, что вы будете делать и сколько за это заплатят.

Особых проблем с заключением договора удаленно нет. Вам присылают скан документа, вы его подписываете, сканируете — и посылаете обратно. У вас соответственно в электронной почте должен быть документ с обоими подписями — вашей и работодателя.

Ничего сложного, но желательно иметь дома принтер. А в качестве сканера сгодится хороший смартфон. И главное — внимательно прочитать договор, не отвлекаясь от его сути на технические моменты.

2. Удаленная работа часто носит проектный характер. То есть вас берут не на постоянную службу, а под конкретный проект. Правила те же самые — обязателен договор с четкими условиями сотрудничества.

3. Отдельный момент — разовые работы. Пренебрегать ими не надо — особенно, если других вариантов пока нет. Но если вы не опытный удаленщик, лучше в таких случаях общаться с работодателями через специальные биржи труда или сервисы для фрилансеров. Они берут на себя формальности и обеспечивают безопасность сделки для обеих сторон.

В иных вариантах специалисты рекомендуют обязательно брать предоплату — хотя бы 30-35% будущего гонорара.

И банальный, но по-прежнему актуальный совет — не вестись на обещания «высоких заработков в интернете» от непонятных структур. Прежде чем связываться со своим предполагаемым работодателем, наведите о нем справки в интернете. Чтоб фирма занималась чем-то полезным и высокооплачиваемым и о ней не было никакой внятной информации — так сейчас не бывает.

ЧИТАЙТЕ ТАКЖЕ

Чем рабочие дни отличаются от нерабочих, какой должна быть зарплата и могут ли уволить за пьянку на удаленке

Отвечаем на главные вопросы о начале трудовой деятельности после отмены периода нерабочих дней (подробности)

КСТАТИ

Работа во время карантина: шесть советов, которые помогут эффективно трудиться из дома

Корреспондент «КП» испробовал на себе плюсы и минусы удаленки (подробности)

90000 Retained earnings formula — AccountingTools 90001 90002 The retained earnings formula is a calculation that derives the balance in the retained earnings account as of the end of a reporting period. Retained earnings is that portion of the profits of a business that have not been distributed to shareholders; instead, it is retained for investments in working capital and / or fixed assets, as well as to pay down any liabilities outstanding. The retained earnings calculation is: 90003 90002 + Beginning retained earnings 90005 + Net income during the period 90005 — Dividends paid 90005 = Ending retained earnings 90003 90002 It is also possible that a change in accounting principle will require that a company restate its beginning retained earnings balance to account for retroactive changes to its financial statements.This will alter the beginning balance portion of the formula. 90003 90002 It is quite possible that a company will have negative retained earnings. This can be caused by the distribution of a large dividend that exceeds the balance in the retained earnings account, or by the incurrence of large losses that more than offset the normal balance in the retained earnings account. 90003 90002 There may be pressure from investors to issue a dividend if a company has built up a large balance in its retained earnings account over time, though this argument is not necessarily valid if the company still has profitable opportunities in which it can invest the excess funds (which is frequently the case in an expanding market).90003 90002 For example, ABC International has $ 500,000 of net profits in its current year, pays out $ 150,000 for dividends, and has a beginning retained earnings balance of $ 1,200,000. Its retained earnings calculation is: 90003 90002 + $ 1,200,000 Beginning retained earnings 90005 + $ 500,000 Net income 90005 — $ 150,000 Dividends 90005 = $ 1,550,000 Ending retained earnings 90003 90002 Because all profits and losses flow through retained earnings, essentially any activity on the income statement will impact the net income portion of the retained earnings formula.Thus, the retained earnings balance is changing every day. 90003 90002 90025 Related Terms 90026 90003 90002 The retained earnings formula is also known as the retained earnings equation and the retained earnings calculation. 90003 90002 90025 Related Courses 90026 90003 90002 The Balance Sheet 90005 The Income Statement 90005 The Interpretation of Financial Statements 90003.90000 Importance of Distance Metrics in Machine Learning Modelling | by Natasha Sharma 90001 90002 A number of Machine Learning Algorithms — Supervised or Unsupervised, use Distance Metrics to know the input data pattern in order to make any Data Based decision. A good distance metric helps in improving the performance of Classification, Clustering and Information Retrieval process significantly. In this article, we will discuss about different Distance Metrics and how do they help in Machine Learning Modelling.90003 90002 In many real world applications, we use Machine Learning algorithms for classifying or recognizing images and for retrieving information through an Image’s content. For example — Face recognition, Censored Images online, Retail Catalog, Recommendation Systems etc. Choosing a good distance metric becomes really important here. The distance metric helps algorithms to recognize similarities between the contents. 90003 90002 Basic Mathematics Definition (Source Wikipedia), 90003 90008 90002 Distance metric uses distance function which provides a relationship metric between each elements in the dataset.90003 90011 90002 Some of you might be thinking, what is this distance function? how does it work? how does it decide that a particular content or element in the data has any kind of relationship with another one? Well let’s try and find this out in next couple of sections. 90003 90002 Do you remember studying Pythagorean theorem? If you do, then you might remember calculating distance between two data points using the theorem. 90003 Taken from Khan Academy’s Distance Formula Tutorial 90002 In order to calculate the distance between data points A and B Pythagorean theorem considers the length of x and y axis.90003 90002 Many of you must be wondering that, do we even use this theorem in machine learning algorithm to find the distance? To answer your question, yes we do use it. In many machine learning algorithms we use the above formula as a distance function. We will talk about the algorithms where it is used. 90003 90002 Now you probably have got an idea what is a distance function? Here is a simplified definition. 90003 90002 Basic Definition from Math.net, 90003 90008 90002 A distance function provides distance between the elements of a set.If the distance is zero then elements are equivalent else they are different from each other. 90003 90011 90002 A distance function is nothing but a mathematical formula used by distance metrics. The distance function can differ across different distance metrics. Let’s talk about different distance metrics and understand their role in machine learning modelling. 90003 90002 There are a number of distance metrics, but to keep this article concise, we will only be discussing a few widely used distance metrics.We will first try to understand the mathematics behind these metrics and then we will identify the machine learning algorithms where we use these distance metrics. 90003 90002 Below are the commonly used distance metrics — 90003 90002 Minkowski distance is a metric in Normed vector space. What is Normed vector space? A Normed vector space is a vector space on which a norm is defined. Suppose X is a vector space then a norm on X is a real valued function || 90035 x 90036 || which satisfies below conditions — 90003 90038 90039 90040 Zero Vector- 90041 Zero vector will have zero length.90042 90039 90040 Scalar Factor- 90041 The direction of vector does not change when you multiply it with a positive number though its length will be changed. 90042 90039 90040 Triangle Inequality- 90041 If distance is a norm then the calculated distance between two points will always be a straight line. 90042 90051 90002 You might be wondering why do we need normed vector, can we just not go for simple metrics? As normed vector has above properties which helps to keep the norm induced metric- homogeneous and translation invariant.More details can be found here. 90003 90002 The distance can be calculated using below formula — 90003 90002 Minkowski distance is the generalized distance metric. Here generalized means that we can manipulate the above formula to calculate the distance between two data points in different ways. 90003 90002 As mentioned above, we can manipulate the value of 90035 p 90036 and calculate the distance in three different ways- 90003 90008 90002 p = 1, Manhattan Distance 90003 90002 p = 2, Euclidean Distance 90003 90002 p = ∞, Chebychev Distance 90003 90011 90002 We will discuss these distance metrics below in detail.90003 90002 90040 Manhattan Distance: 90041 90003 90002 We use Manhattan Distance if we need to calculate the distance between two data points in a grid like path. As mentioned above, we use 90040 90035 Minkowski distance 90036 90041 formula to find Manhattan distance by setting 90040 90035 p’s 90036 90041 value as 90040 90035 1 90036 90041. 90003 90002 Let’s say, we want to calculate the distance, 90040 90035 d 90036 90041, between two data points- 90040 90035 x 90036 90041 and 90040 90035 y 90036 90041.90003 90002 Distance 90040 90035 d 90036 90041 will be calculated using an 90040 90035 absolute sum of difference 90036 90041 between its cartesian co-ordinates as below: 90003 90002 where, n- number of variables, 90040 90035 xi 90036 90041 and 90040 90035 yi 90036 90041 are the variables of vectors x and y respectively, in the two dimensional vector space. i.e. 90040 90035 x = (x1, x2, x3, …) 90036 90041 and 90040 90035 y = (y1, y2, y3, …) 90036 90041. 90003 90002 Now the distance 90040 90035 d 90036 90041 will be calculated as- 90003 90002 90040 90035 (x1 — y1) 90036 90041 + 90040 90035 (x2 — y2) 90036 90041 + 90040 90035 (x3 — y3) 90036 90041 + … + 90040 90035 (xn — yn) 90036 90041.90003 90002 If you try to visualize the distance calculation, it will look something like as below: 90003 Source — Taxicab geometry Wikipedia 90002 Manhattan distance is also known as Taxicab Geometry, City Block Distance etc. 90003 90002 90040 Euclidean Distance: 90041 90003 90002 Euclidean distance is one of the most used distance metric. It is calculated using Minkowski Distance formula by setting 90040 90035 p’s 90036 90041 value to 90040 90035 2 90036 90041. This will update the distance 90040 90035 ‘d’ 90036 90041 formula as below: 90003 90002 Let’s stop for a while! Does this formula look familiar? Well yes, we just saw this formula above in this article while discussing 90040 90035 «Pythagorean Theorem».90036 90041 90003 90002 Euclidean distance formula can be used to calculate the distance between two data points in a plane. 90003 90002 Mostly Cosine distance metric is used to find similarities between different documents. In cosine metric we measure the degree of angle between two documents / vectors (the term frequencies in different documents collected as metrics). This particular metric is used when the magnitude between vectors does not matter but the orientation. 90003 90002 Cosine similarity formula can be derived from the equation of dot products: — 90003 90002 Now, you must be thinking which value of cosine angle will be helpful in finding out the similarities.90003 90002 Now that we have the values ​​which will be considered in order to measure the similarities, we need to know what do 1, 0 and -1 signify. 90003 90002 Here cosine value 1 is for vectors pointing in the same direction i.e. there are similarities between the documents / data points. At zero for orthogonal vectors i.e. Unrelated (some similarity found). Value -1 for vectors pointing in opposite directions (No similarity). 90003 90002 Mahalanobis Distance is used for calculating the distance between two data points in a multivariate space.90003 90002 According to Wikipedia Definition, 90003 90008 90002 The 90040 Mahalanobis distance 90041 is a measure of the distance between a point P and a distribution D. The idea of ​​measuring is, how many standard deviations away P is from the mean of D. 90003 90011 90002 The benefit of using mahalanobis distance is, it takes covariance in account which helps in measuring the strength / similarity between two different data objects. The distance between an observation and the mean can be calculated as below — 90003 90002 Here, S is the covariance metrics.We are using inverse of the covariance metric to get a variance-normalized distance equation. 90003 90002 Now that we have a basic idea about different distance metrics, we can move to the next step i.e. machine learning techniques / modelling which use these disatance metrics. 90003 90002 In this section, we will be working on some basic classification and clustering use cases. This will help us in understanding the usage of distance metrics in machine learning modelling. We will start with quick introduction of supervised and unsupervised algorithms and slowly will move on to the examples.90003 90214 1. Classification 90215 90002 90040 K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN) — 90041 90003 90002 KNN is a non-probabilistic supervised learning algorithm i.e. it does not produce the probability of membership of any data point rather KNN classifies the data on hard assignment, eg the data point will either belong to 0 or 1. Now, you must be thinking how does KNN work if there is no probability equation involved. KNN uses distance metrics in order to find similarities or dissimilarities. 90003 90002 Let’s take iris dataset which has three classes and see how KNN will identify the classes for test data.90003 90002 In the # 2 image above the black square is a test data point. Now, we need to find which class this test data point belong to, with the help of KNN algorithm. We will now prepare the dataset to create machine learning model to predict the class for our test data. 90003 90226 #Import required libraries # Import required librariesimport numpy as np 90227 import pandas as pd 90227 from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split 90227 from sklearn.neighbors import KNeighborsClassifier 90227 from sklearn.metrics import accuracy_score # Load the dataset 90227 url = «https://raw.githubusercontent.com/SharmaNatasha/Machine-Learning-using-Python/master/Datasets/IRIS.csv» 90227 df = pd.read_csv (url) #quick look into the data 90227 df.head (5) #Separate data and label 90227 x = df.iloc [:, 1: 4] 90227 y = df.iloc [:, 4] #Prepare data for classification process 90227 x_train, x_test , y_train, y_test = train_test_split (x, y, test_size = 0.3, random_state = 0) 90237 90002 In KNN classification algorithm, we define the constant 90035 «K».90036 K is the number of nearest neighbours of a test data point. These K data points then will be used to decide the class for test data point. (Note this is in a training data set) 90003 90002 90035 Are you wondering that how would we find the nearest neighbours. Well that’s where the distance metric comes into pictures. First, we calculate the distance between each train and test data point and then select the top nearest according to the value of k. 90036 90003 90002 We will not be creating the KNN from scratch but will be using scikit KNN classifier.90003 90226 #Create a modelKNN_Classifier = KNeighborsClassifier (n_neighbors = 6, p = 2, metric = ‘minkowski’) 90237 90002 You can see in the above code we are using Minkowski distance metric with value of p as 2 i.e. KNN classifier is going to use Euclidean Distance Metric formula. 90003 90002 As we move forward with machine learning modelling we can now train our model and start predicting the class for test data. 90003 90226 #Train the model 90227 KNN_Classifier.fit (x_train, y_train) # Let’s predict the classes for test data 90227 pred_test = KNN_Classifier.predict (x_test) 90237 90002 Once the top nearest neighbours are selected, we check most voted class in neighbours — 90003 90002 From the above image, can you guess the class for test point? It’s class 1 as it is most voted class. 90003 90002 Through this small example we saw how 90035 distance metric 90036 was important for KNN classifier. 90035 It helped us to get the closest train data points for which classes were known. 90036 There is a possibility that using different distance metrics we might get better results.So, in non-probabilistic algorithm like KNN distance metrics plays an important role. 90003 90214 2. Clustering 90215 90002 90040 K-means- 90041 90003 90002 In classification algorithms, probabilistic or non-probabilistic we will be provided with labeled data so, it gets easier to predict the classes. Though in clustering algorithm we have no information on which data point belongs to which class. Distance metrics are important part of these kind of algorithm. 90003 90002 In K-means, we select number of centroids that define number of clusters.90035 Each data point will then be assigned to its nearest centroid using distance metric (Euclidean) 90036. We will be using iris data to understand the underlying process of K-means. 90003 90002 In the above image # 1 as you can see we randomly placed the centroids and in the image # 2, using distance metric tried to find their closest cluster class. 90003 90226 import numpy as np 90227 import pandas as pd 90227 from sklearn.cluster import KMeans 90227 import matplotlib.pyplot as plt # Load the dataset 90227 url = «https: // raw.githubusercontent.com/SharmaNatasha/Machine-Learning-using-Python/master/Datasets/IRIS.csv «90227 df = pd.read_csv (url) #quick look into the data 90227 df.head (5) #Separate data and label 90227 x = df.iloc [:, 1: 4] .values ​​# Creating the kmeans classifier 90227 KMeans_Cluster = kMeans (n_clusters = 3) 90227 y_class = KMeans_Cluster.fit_predict (x) 90237 90002 We will need to keep repeating the assignment of centroids until we have a clear cluster structure. 90003 90002 As we saw in the above example, without having any knowledge about the labels with the help of distance metric in K-Means we clustered the data into 3 classes.90003 90214 3. Natural Language Processing 90215 90002 90040 Information Retrieval 90041 90003 90002 In information retrieval we work with unstructured data. The data can be an article, website, emails, text messages, a social media post etc. With the help of techniques used in NLP we can create vector data in a manner that can be used to retrieve information when queried. Once the unstructured data is transformed into vector form, we can use cosine similarity metric to filter out the irrelevant documents from the corpus.90003 90002 Let’s take an example and understand the usage of cosine similarity. 90003 90038 90039 Create vector form for Corpus and Query- 90042 90051 90226 import math 90227 import numpy as np 90227 import pandas as pd 90227 import matplotlib.pyplot as pyplot 90227 from sklearn.metrics.pairwise import cosine_similarity 90227 from sklearn.feature_extraction.text import TfidfVectorizervectorizer = TfidfVectorizer () corpus = [90227 ‘the brown fox jumped over the brown dog’, 90227 ‘the quick brown fox’, 90227 ‘the brown brown dog’, 90227 ‘the fox ate the dog’ 90227] query = [ » brown «] X = vectorizer.fit_transform (corpus) 90227 Y = vectorizer.transform (query) 90237 90002 2. Check the similarities ie find which document in corpus is relevant to our query- 90003 90226 cosine_similarity (Y, X.toarray ()) 90040 Results: 90041 90227 90040 array ([[0.54267123, 0.44181486, 0.84003859, 0.]]) 90041 90237 90002 As you can see from the above example, we queried for word 90035 «brown» 90036 and in corpus there are only three documents which contain word 90035 «brown «. 90036 When checked with cosine similarity metric it gave the same results by having> 0 values ​​for three document except the forth one.90003 90002 Through out this article, we got to know about few popular distance / similarity metrics and how these can be used in order to solve complicated machine learning problems. Hope this will be helpful for people who are in their first stage of getting into Machine Learning / Data Science. 90003 90038 90039 Cosine Similarity- Sklearn, TDS article, Wikipedia, Example 90042 90039 Github code 90042 90039 Distance Metrics- Math.net, Wiki 90042 90039 Minkowski Distance Metric- Wiki, Blog, Famous Metrics 90042 90051.90000 The Ultimate Guide to Online Learning 90001 90002 90003 by Becton Loveless 90004 90005 «Earn a college degree in your pajamas!» «Get your bachelor’s without leaving the house!» «Study wherever and however you want!» 90006 90005 Higher ed has been marketing online courses and degree programs like this for years now. Online programs are more flexible than the traditional residential university experience. But catchphrases like these cause students to think online study is easy and convenient, too.While the flexibility is real, know that college is not supposed to be easy, and it’s rarely convenient. 90006 90005 It’s important to begin the process of choosing a program with your eyes wide open. Do not believe the marketing spin that this is going to be a cakewalk. Earning a degree is going to take serious effort and long-term commitment. 90006 90005 It’s also important to understand that not all programs are created equal. In fact, no two programs are exactly the same. There are wide variances in quality, format, cost, success rates, and more.90006 90005 90014 Topics on this page: 90015 90016 > What is Distance Learning? 90016 > Choosing a Distance Learning School 90016 > Choosing a Distance Learning Program 90016 > What Makes a Good Online Course? 90016 90006 90022 What is Distance Learning? 90023 90005 Distance learning is an educational process where students receive instruction through online classes, video recordings, video conferencing, or any other audio / visual technology medium.It enables people to receive education without having to be physically present in a classroom. 90006 90005 Properly designed distance learning programs can be a very convenient and effective way to acquire more education. This may seem difficult without students and teachers interacting in a classroom, but people enrolled in distance learning programs can learn just as much away from a classroom as in one. 90006 90005 Distance learning and education are interchangeable terms.Distance learning is not a recent phenomenon. The origins of distance learning can be traced back to the advent of the modern postal system and the mass production of printed publications, which made it possible to spread information rapidly throughout the world. 90006 90030 Why Distance Learning? 90031 90005 Distance learning has made education more accessible to larger groups of people. It is a convenient way to obtain work experience while completing college or other vocational training.Many organizations, such as the military, large corporations, and government agencies rely on distance education to train service members and employees. Education has also changed as communication technology has revolutionized society. 90006 90005 In most cases, education or specialized training is a requirement for most high paid jobs. The availability of the Internet has increased the number of online courses. These courses are offered at online colleges, such as Argosy University, University of Phoenix, Capella University, and Kaplan University.90006 90030 Who Uses Distance Learning? 90031 90005 More students today are taking advantage of distance learning programs. Working professionals, high school students, and even traditional college students enroll in distance learning classes. Companies and other organizations frequently utilize distance learning programs to train employees. The following are some of the reasons people enroll in distance learning programs: 90006 90040 90041 Students living in rural areas or those unable to attend traditional classes utilize distance learning 90042 90041 Students from all over the world can enroll in online courses offered at specific colleges 90042 90041 Companies utilize distance learning programs to train employees, especially those working in distance regions 90042 90047 90030 Distance learning is very flexible.90031 90005 Although distance learning can fit into anyone’s schedule, students must take the initiative to study and complete their course work. Distance learning programs are not easy or automatic, so lazy students will probably not successfully complete courses they enroll in. However, even students that are busy or have numerous responsibilities should find the time to study because of the flexibility of these programs. 90006 90030 What technology is used for online distance learning? 90031 90005 Many different types of technology are utilized to enhance online learning.Special computer programs, high speed Internet, and webcam broadcasting technology are just a few of the modern technologies utilized in distance learning. As a result, learning opportunities that never existed for people living in distance or rural areas can obtain a college education or specialized job training. It’s not uncommon for a student living in a rural region of South Dakota to complete a course offered by a college in California. 90006 90005 Students often interact with teachers using video conferencing, satellite, and Internet technology.They can also communicate with other students enrolled in the same course using modern telecommunications technology. 90006 90005 Since students can complete courses wherever the Internet is accessible, many often take time during a work break or while staying in a hotel during a business trip to complete their school work. The flexibility of distance learning is one of the main appeals of these programs. 90006 90030 What is the experience like for online distance learners? 90031 90005 Since distance learning is slowly becoming a popular way to complete college or job training, many people still have reservations about it.The details provided below will give those considering distance learning an idea of ​​what it’s like: 90006 90040 90041 90066 Students usually interact with classmates and teachers in chat rooms and other instant messaging services. 90067 This makes it possible to ask questions and share comments without sitting in a classroom. Teacher lectures are frequently broadcast online, and many students and teachers stay in touch via conference calling technology. 90042 90041 90066 Group work is completed in chat rooms and special rooms on websites.90067 Students also use e-mail, instant messaging, and web broadcasting technology to discuss project ideas with classmates. 90042 90041 90066 Course assignments completed by students are competed on a website or submitted as e-mail attachments. 90067 Students are usually not permitted to submit work completed on websites after due dates. 90042 90041 90066 Most reference materials, such as documents and books, are accessible online for students. 90067 As a result, students usually do not have to visit libraries to complete traditional research.Many of the books students need are scanned and placed online. 90042 90041 90066 Questions for instructors can be asked over the phone, through an e-mail, or in a chat room. 90067 Instant messaging technology is becoming a very popular way for students and teachers to interact. 90042 90047 90005 Working professionals, stay at home moms, and other people unable to attend college on a campus are utilizing distance learning programs to acquire more education or job training.90006 90022 Choosing a Distance Learning School 90023 90005 Distance learning has existed for centuries through traditional mail and other creative means, but online education is still a relatively new field. Even though the technology is different, the educational mission and academic standards are the same as in traditional education: providing a quality education. Many online schools do exactly that, while others are merely degree mills or outright frauds. And of course, there’s plenty of variety in the middle.90006 90005 As you search for online schools, it’s important to know what you’re looking for, and what to look out for. Below are some parameters to help you choose the best online school for you. 90006 90030 Accreditation 90031 90005 Accreditation is the first and most important aspect of any school. Make sure a proper association-preferably a regional association-has accredited the school you’re investigating. This will ensure that it is meeting academic requirements and that other institutions will accept the credits you earn.Attending a school that is not properly accredited will not only cause you headaches in college, but with future employers as well. 90006 90005 You also want to check that the accrediting agency is legit. Some of them do not review schools very thoroughly and some will approve almost anyone for a fee. Your best bet is to verify that the accrediting association is endorsed by the U.S. Department of Education. 90006 90030 Quality of Faculty 90031 90005 By its nature, distance education is more independent than attending a physical classroom with other students, but having good teachers is still vital.Go online and research the faculty of any school you’re looking at. How much education and experience do the teachers have? 90006 90005 Just because a school delivers classes online does not mean the teachers should be any less qualified. Most community college teachers have at least a Masters degree in their field. University professors typically have PhD’s. Any good online school should have comparable faculty. 90006 90030 Degree Programs 90031 90005 As with any school, you need to research the academic programs at an online school and make sure they line up with your goals for higher education.These days, there are many options to choose from in distance education, so shop around and compare specific programs at different schools. 90006 90005 Does this school offer Associates degrees or professional certification? If so, are they recognized by other institutions of higher education? This is vital, especially if you plan on continuing on to a four-year university. 90006 90005 Look at the specific courses that are required for a degree. Do they look interesting, challenging, or make sense with the field of study? Are these classes that you would be attracted to? How do they compare to the course requirements at other online schools? 90006 90030 Understand the Requirements and Schedule 90031 90005 It is also wise to understand the academic requirements and the class schedule before you commit to an online program.In distance education, these factors can vary widely from program to program. Some courses allow you to work at your own pace while others have deadlines, a schedule of live virtual classes, or in-person testing administered by the instructor or a proctor. 90006 90005 Ask yourself a few questions about you as a student. Are you good at self-motivation and staying on task, or do you need structure and / or deadlines? Are you an auditory learner, meaning you can remember details better if you hear them, or a visual learner who can easily read and absorb information? Some online courses are filled with live or recorded video lectures, podcasts and multimedia lessons, while others rely mainly on written text.90006 90005 Some online programs are hybrid and require some physical attendance, either for lectures or exams. Understand the schedule so you can be certain you can meet these requirements. Also make sure the school is not too far away from where you live. 90006 90030 Cost 90031 90005 How much is tuition and are there any hidden fees or extra costs? Distance education is a dynamic and competitive market, and cost and quality do not always match up. If you’ve begun your search with one school in particular, expand it by looking at other schools with comparable tuition.Compare the quality and variety of degrees, experience of the teachers and feedback from former and current students. 90006 90005 Online college should typically cost a little less than attending a traditional college or university. If you’re looking at a particular online school, do a cost comparison with other colleges in your area. 90006 90030 Student Enrollment, Class Size and Office Hours 90031 90005 How many students does this school enroll? In general, more is better.If an established school is not attracting that many students, it’s probably not a good sign. The same goes for how long the school has been in business. The longer, the better. You still want to investigate the quality of their programs and faculty, but experience is usually a good sign. 90006 90005 Look beyond the enrollment numbers. What is the graduation rate? You want to attend a school that has a good record of students ‘academic success. What is the student / teacher ratio and average class size? The class is online, but to succeed you will still need some individual attention from the instructor.90006 90005 That should extend beyond the classroom. It’s often overlooked in online education, but students still require extra interaction with instructors, as well as access to tutoring and mentorship opportunities. Many long-distance teachers will keep online «office hours,» allowing students the same access to instructors as in traditional classes. 90006 90005 If possible, talk to some current or former students to get an idea of ​​the availability of these important aspects of school.90006 90030 Hardware, Software and Textbooks 90031 90005 Most online schools have basic requirements when it comes to computers. You will not need a supercomputer, just something that is relatively up-to-date and able to handle word processing and typical online activity. In the case of some specialized courses, you’ll need expensive hardware, but not for most classes. 90006 90005 Software will usually be provided free of charge. In some cases you will need to buy software for the class, which can vary widely in price.The same goes for textbooks. Make sure you know the cost estimate for software and textbooks. They can add up fast. 90006 90030 Criteria 90031 90005 Remember, distance education has a different delivery method than traditional education, but the goal remains the same. So do the academic standards. Use the same criteria you would for a physical college, just in a different context. If an online school is right for you, it should stand up to the test. 90006 90022 Choosing a Distance Learning Program 90023 Since more students are enrolling in distance learning programs, those considering enrolling in one should be cautious when selecting a program.Not all programs offer high quality education. Many institutions are cashing in on this demand for distance learning by offering programs that are sub-par or non-accredited. Therefore, those looking for a distance learning program should conduct thorough research before selecting one. 90030 Formats Vary Widely … and So Do Costs 90031 90005 For starters, we’re using the term «online course» to mean a college course offered for credit that can be taken completely online. But within that narrow definition exist many different types of courses.Some are little more than correspondence courses: pre-recorded videos with minimal personal involvement from the professor. Some (like Ohio State’s online bachelors program) are videos recorded live and archived for later viewing. Others go far beyond video, offering richly interactive learning materials and robust professor interactions. 90006 90005 Costs also vary considerably. Many of the high-quality online programs are offered through traditional universities, where the online courses are just as expensive as their on-campus counterparts.Devon Haynie at US News found that most online courses from traditional 4-year programs cost $ 300-400 per credit hour, plus additional fees. She signed up for a personal finance course that cost $ 1300. total. There were discounts to be had for in-state tuition, and she found a community college option for $ 515. 90006 90005 Of course, a quick Google search reveals many low- and no-cost options. But beware: many of these are from unaccredited schools or can not be taken for college credit. As a rule of thumb, if something is worth $ 1300. from a well-known school, you should view with suspicion the $ 25 version from a school you’ve never heard of.90006 90005 Bottom line: expect to pay a decent amount for decent quality online education, and understand that courses will vary in format and quality. 90006 90030 Know What You’re Paying For 90031 90005 Along the same lines, it’s important to know what you’re paying for before you buy. If you’re enrolling in an entirely online program, this comes into play before you enroll. Do your research. US News offers an independent ranking of entirely online programs, with in-depth reviews of the top programs.90006 90005 If on the other hand you’re enrolling in a few courses here and there (perhaps to finish out a degree you’ve already started), you need to do your research for each course. Say you paid $ 1000. for a robust, high-quality course and were happy with your investment. Will you be happy to drop another $ 1000. on a lesser quality course? Make sure you know what you’re getting before you buy. 90006 90030 Know What’s Expected of You 90031 90005 Online courses are marketed to busy professionals and adults trying to complete degrees.Marketers emphasize the freedom and convenience, but these courses are still a ton of work. Before you enroll in and pay for a course, find out what kind of time commitment you’re making. Many college courses, online or not, require 15 hours or more per week. Some have huge projects that spike the needed time drastically upward one or two weeks of the semester. 90006 90005 Bottom line: take the time to find out what will be expected of you, then evaluate whether you are able to give that kind of time-before you buy.90006 90030 Have a Plan 90031 90005 If your ultimate goal is a degree, then taking an online class here or there because the content sounds interesting or useful is not a real plan. Instead, you need to create a plan that leads to your goal. 90006 90005 You may be part-way through a residential degree program, looking to fill some course gaps. You may be working on getting an academic head start by knocking out some early courses online before heading to a residential program. Or you may be looking for a degree that can be earned entirely online.Whatever your approach, be sure to formulate a plan that leads to a degree before enrolling in an online course. 90006 90005 The good news is you should not need to go it alone. You should have access to a faculty advisor or coach who can help you craft this plan. If your prospective online college can not offer you this kind of guidance, consider that a red flag. 90006 90030 Understand Some Potential Downsides 90031 90005 Online programs can leave students feeling a bit isolated. Face-to-face (two-way) video interaction with instructors is rare to nonexistent, and collaboration with classmates is often limited to chat and email.The collaboration and camaraderie residential students enjoy just is not there. Look for programs that work hard to overcome this, but understand that it’s an issue even in the best programs. 90006 90005 Online programs have a lower graduation rate than residential or blended (part residential, part online) programs, notes James Paterson at EducationDive. Experts disagree on the reasons why, but it may have to do with the greater level of self-motivation and direction that’s needed to succeed while feeling all on your own.90006 90005 To offset these downsides, look for quality online programs with robust student services and student support. The old adage «you get what you pay for» is generally true here: the cheapest courses have the lowest levels of student support. 90006 90030 Know Your Way Around a Computer 90031 90005 You do not have to be a technology expert to make online college work, but you do need to be conversant. Every school has its own learning management system, or LMS. You may need to troubleshoot why video is not playing (do you have the necessary software / codec / browser?).Courses will have their own platforms and systems and even sometimes specialized software. And of course, nothing works without a stable internet connection. 90006 90005 Bottom line: if the lingo in the previous paragraph scares you, you may need to brush up on your computer skills before diving into online education. 90006 90030 Realize That Convenient Does not Mean Easy 90031 90005 Online classes and degree programs offer a measure of convenience that a traditional residential program can not match.The ability to watch lectures from anywhere and on your own timetable is indispensable for some. But do not make the mistake of thinking that an online program will be easier than an in-person one. Quality online programs are just as rigorous as their brick-and-mortar counterparts. 90006 90005 In fact, some students may find online programs more difficult than residential programs. The content is the same, but online programs lack some of the accountability and presence of traditional programs.In a traditional program, students have to show up at a set time 2 or 3 times a week. And when they do miss class, those students have to face the teacher’s disapproving gaze the next class period. It’s much easier to fall behind when you’re left to set your own schedule. And it’s easier to let things slide when you do not feel the in-person pressure from the professor. 90006 90030 Ensure Your Credits Will Transfer Before Enrolling 90031 90005 If you have any college credit to your name already, be sure your existing college credit and your prospective online education will play nice.The goal is to graduate from one school or the other, but not every school accepts credits from every other school. And some schools may accept some credits but not others from another school. Whether you intend to earn your degree from the online or the traditional university, be certain that all your needed credits will transfer. Do this before enrolling online. 90006 90030 MOOCs Are No Substitute for Traditional Online Courses 90031 90005 Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) are trendy. You can learn from professors at elite universities, for free! And as a general enrichment tool, they are pretty cool.But make no mistake: MOOCs are no substitute for more conventional (and less free) online courses. They have a low completion rate and usually have little accountability or assessment. The vast majority of MOOCs do not offer college credits, either. Class Central reports on a few ways to take MOOCs for credit, but the primary way of doing so turns the free course into a $ 649 course. With that kind of price tag, why not go the conventional route and benefit from interaction with your professor? 90006 90005 Bottom line: take these for fun or for general enrichment.But if you’re looking to earn a degree, these almost certainly are not the right choice for you. 90006 90030 Look for Accreditation 90031 90005 Schools offering online degree programs can be accredited just like traditional colleges and universities. Accreditation is a kind of seal of approval granted by an independent accrediting organization. These organizations evaluate a school’s quality and verify whether the school complies with education law. 90006 90005 Some employers and many graduate schools require an accredited degree for either hire or admission.Do not shortchange yourself by spending time and effort to earn a degree from an unaccredited school. It’s not worth the risk. 90006 90030 Student Success 90031 90005 You want your diploma to be the key to future opportunities, not just a piece of paper. Other than accreditation, how can you better know what your degree can accomplish for you? 90006 90005 Start by looking at student success. Quality programs will advertise their student successes. They may advertise high boards passing percentages in a nursing program, above-average med school acceptance rates, or a percentage of prospective graduates hired before graduation.These statistics do not guarantee you your dream job, of course, but they do suggest which programs and schools are high in quality. 90006 90005 Conversely, investigate graduation / completion rates and rate of student loan defaults. Low graduation rates and high default rates suggest a program is not serving its students well. According to a Chicago Tribune story by Maria Danilova, for-profit colleges are the worst offenders by both these metrics. 90006 90005 Graduation rates are easily obtainable, and the higher, the better.Remember, though, that online program graduation rates overall will be lower than residential programs. The rate of student loan defaults can be trickier to track down, as schools are not required to divulge this. But this is the internet: if a school gets a bad reputation in this area, it will not be too hard to find out. 90006 90022 What Makes a Good Online Course? 90023 90005 Not all online classes are created equal. Unfortunately, there’s a whole heap of shoddily produced, bore-you-to-tears classes out there that, in the end, just do not provide quality education.On the other hand, there are some truly inspired, engaging, and educational classes that really live up to the potential of distance learning. Here are a few key factors that make all the difference to the quality of online courses: 90006 90005 90003 90066 1) Proper Pacing 90067 90004 90016 It’s a fine balance to strike, but the best online courses are the ones which are properly paced. Proper pacing means the student is neither bored nor overwhelmed; they have plenty of time — and notice — to complete large projects, but also are kept engaged by small assignments in the interim.These small assignments should never stack up and bury the student in stress and anxiety, nor should they be pointless, tedious busy work. 90006 90005 90003 90066 2) Multimedia Integration 90067 90004 90016 The really exciting part of online classes is the fact that they can present content in ways that books and lectures can not. Great online courses take advantage of this fact, and incorporate various multimedia elements into the presentation, such as videos, podcasts, interactive activities, and more.This is certainly more engaging than reading a long text document, and the information is much more likely to be retained. It’s not enough, however, to simply add in multimedia for multimedia’s sake. The content must be done well, and with a clear purpose. A forty-minute video of the professor mumbling into his webcam does not qualify as good use of multimedia. 90006 90005 90003 90066 3) Quality Content 90067 90004 90016 When a course’s content is of high quality, you find yourself engaged and curious, and as a result you learn much more naturally.This is in stark contrast to those courses which only use dismal, bland textbooks and regurgitative, fill-in-the-blank quizzes. Low quality content feels like a chore, and the information is seldom retained. High quality content can be of any modality: videos, websites, audio presentations, etc. What’s important is this: does it lend itself to natural learning? Would an expert in the field recommend it to anyone curious about the subject, regardless of the online class? This is the sort of content used by the best online courses.90006 90005 90003 90066 4) Self-Directed Learning 90067 90004 90016 The best online classes recognize that their students are adults who have the ability to make up their own mind and take responsibility for their own education. When the course is too micromanaged, when the assignments are dictated to the smallest detail, students become frustrated or, at best, do not make any meaningful dis 90006.90000 Distance To | Distance Calculator 90001 90002 Distancesto.com 90003 90004 Distance 90005 90004 Directions 90005 90004 Road Map 90005 90004 Travel Time 90005 90004 Coordinates 90005 90004 Flight Distance 90005 90004 Flight Time 90005 90004 Time Zones 90005 90004 Elevation 90005 90004 Route Elevation 90005 90004 Fuel Cost 90005 90026 90027 Tools on this Site 90028 90003 90004 90031 Distance Calculator »Need the distances between two places? 90005 90004 90034 Driving Directions Finder »Need driving directions to a new place? 90005 90004 90037 Road Map Finder »Need to view your trip on a map? 90005 90004 90040 Travel Time Calculator »Need to calculate the time it takes to get to a city? 90005 90004 90043 Coordinates Finder »Need to know the lat and long of a city? 90005 90004 90046 Flight Distance Calculator »Need to know the distances between two cities by airplane? 90005 90004 90049 Flight Time Calculator »Need to calculate the time it takes to get to a city by plane? 90005 90004 90052 Time Zones »Need to figure out the time zone in which a city or country is located in? 90005 90004 90055 Elevation Finder »Need to find the elevation of a location? 90005 90004 90058 Route Elevation Calculator »Need to calculate the elevation of a route? 90005 90004 90061 Fuel Cost Calculator »Need to calculate the fuel cost to a city? 90005 90026 90027 90065 Distance Calculator 90066 90028 90027 Add Stop 90028 90027 Calculate Distance 90028 .